Huangdi Neijing-Traditional Chinese Medicine
The most important book of Chinese medicine and a very important book of Daoist practice is the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine (Huangdi neijing 黃帝內徑, including Huangdi neijing su wen and Huangdi neijing Ling su), said to have been compiled by the mythical Yellow Emperor 黃帝. It consists of two parts, the Suwen 素問 "questions of fundamental nature" and the Lingshu 靈樞 "spiritual pivot", a book also called Zhenjing 針經 "Classic of Acupuncture" because the latter is its main content . The book is concepted as a dialog between the Yellow Emperor and Qi Bo 歧伯, his doctor.
1. 上古天真論黃帝乃問於太師歧伯：「余聞上古之人，春秋皆度百歲，而動作不衰。今時之人，年半百而動作皆衰者，時世異耶？人將失之耶？」歧伯對曰：「今時之人不然也，以酒為漿，以妄為常，醉以入房，以欲竭其精，以耗散其真， 不知持滿，不時御神，務決其心，逆於生樂，起居無節，故半百而衰也。」 (Huangdi Neijing 1)
The universal truthDuring his reign, the Yellow Emperor discoursed on medicine, health, lifestyle, nutrition, and Taoist cosmology with his ministers Qi Bo, Lei Gong, and others. Their first discussion began with the Yellow Emperor inquiring, "I have heard that in the days of old everyone lived one hundred years without showing the usual signs of aging. In our time, however, people age prematurely, living only fifty years. Is this due to a change in the environment, or is it because people have lost the correct way of life?" Qi Bo replied, "... These days, people have changed their way of life. They drink wine as though it were water, indulge excessively in destructive activities, drain their jing (the body's essence that is stored in the kidneys) and deplete their qi (energy). They do not know the secret of conserving their energy and vitality. Seeking emotional excitement and momentary pleasures, people disregard the natural rhythm and order of the universe. They fail to regulate their lifestyle and diet, and sleep improperly. So it is not surprising that they look old at fifty and die soon after..."
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5. 陰陽應象大論故積陽為天，積陰為地。陰靜陽躁，陽生陰長，陽殺陰藏。 陽化氣，陰成形。寒極生熱，熱極生寒；寒氣生濁，熱氣生清；清氣在下， 則生飧泄，濁氣在上，別生嗔脹。此陰陽之反作，病之逆從也。陰味出於下竅，陽氣出上竅。 味厚者為陰，薄為陰之陽；氣厚者為陽，薄為陽之陰。 (Huangdi neijing 5)
The manifestation of yin and yang from the macrocosm to the microcosmIn the universe, the pure yang qi ascends to converge and form heaven, while the turbid yin qi descends and condenses to form the earth. Yin is passive and quiet, while the nature of yang is active and noisy. Yang is responsible for expanding and yin is responsible for contracting, becoming astringent, and consolidating. Yang is the energy, the vital force, the potential, while yin is the substance, the foundation, the mother that gives rise to all this potential.Extreme heat or extreme cold will transform into its opposite. For example, on a hot day the heat will rise, causing condensation and eventually rain and therefore cold. Coldness produces turbid yin, heat produces the clear yang. If the clear yang qi descends instead of rising, problems such as diarrhea occur in the body. If the turbid yin qi becomes stuck at the top and fails to descend, there will be fullness and distension in the head. These conditions are imbalances of yin and yang... Taste is a yin quality and has a descending nature, while qi is yang and rises to the upper orifices. Heavy tastes are pure yin, light tastes are considered yang within yin. The heavier qi is pure yang in nature while the lighter qi is yin within yang.
10. 五臟生成心之合脈也，其榮色也，其主腎也。肺之合皮也，其榮毛也， 其主心也。肝之合筋也，其榮爪也，其主肺也。脾之合肉也，其榮唇也， 其主肝也。腎之合骨也，其榮髮也，其主脾也。(Huangdi Neijing 10)
Dysfunction of the Five Zang VisceraThe vessels correspond with the heart, which manifests its essence in the facial complexion. However, the heart is controlled by the kidneys. The skin corresponds with the lungs, which manifest their essence in the body hair. However, the lungs are controlled by the heart. The tendons correspond with the liver, which manifests its essence in the nails and is controlled by the lungs. The flesh and muscles correspond with the spleen, which manifests its essence on the lips and is controlled by the liver. The bones and marrow correspond with the kindeys, which manifest in the head hair and are controlled by the spleen.
是故多食鹹，則脈凝泣而變色。多食苦，則皮槁而毛拔。多食辛，則筋急而爪枯。 多食酸，則肉胝皺而唇揭。多食甘，則骨痛而髮落。此五味之所傷也。
Overindulgence in salty food will coagulate the blood circulation and will change the color of the blood. Overindulgence in bitter food will cause the skin to become shriveled and dry and the body hair to fall out. Overindulgence in pungent food can cause spasms, tremors, and poor nails. Overly excessive consumption of sour foods can make the skin rough, thick, and wrinkled, and cause the lips to become shriveled. Overindulgence in sweets will cause pain in the bones and hair loss. All these symptoms and conditions are a result of overindulgence of the five flavors.
12. 異法方宜論東方之域，天地之所始生也。魚鹽之地，海濱傍水。 其民食魚而嗜鹹，皆安其處，美其食。魚者使人熱中，鹽者勝血， 故其民皆黑色疏理，其病皆為癰瘍，其治宜砭石。故砭石者，亦從東方來。(Huangdi neijing 12)
Methods of treatmentThe east is the direction of the birth of heaven and earth. The weather is mild, and it is close the the water. Many varieties of fish and salts can be found, so the local people eat many kinds of fish and like the salty flavour. But because they eat so much fish, which is considered a hot food, heat accumulates and stagnates in the body. They also eat too much salt, which dries, exhausts, and drains the blood. This is why people of the east often have dark skin. The commonly suffered illnesses are boils and carbuncles. The treatment of this disease often utilizes needles made of stone, which are thicker, and bleeding, which releases the heat.
26. 八正神明論凡刺之法，必候日月星辰，四時八正之氣，氣定乃刺之。 是故天溫日明，則人血淖液，而衛氣浮。月始生，則血氣始精，衛氣始行。 是以因天時而調血氣也。(Huangdi Neijing 26)
Acupuncture in accordance with cosmic cyclesAll methods of acupuncture must be in accordance with the movements of the four seasons, the moon, the sun, and the stars. These factors will impact the functions of the human body. During warm weather and bright, cloudless days, blod flow is smooth. The wei qi (defensive energy) floats to the surface... During the new moon, the blood and qi also begin to flow more easily... One must follow these changes of nature to properly regulate qi and blood.
60. 骨空論風從外入，令人振寒、汗出、頭痛、身重、惡寒。 治在風府，調其陰陽。不足則補，有餘則寫。大風頸項痛，刺風府。 風府在上椎。大風汗出，灸?譆。?譆在背下俠脊傍三寸所。厭之令病者呼?譆，?譆應手。(Huangdi Neijing 60)
Acupoints along the skeletal indentationsWhen the wind pathogen attacks, it causes chills, sweating, headaches, heaviness, and aversion to wind. One must harmonize the yin and yang by acupuncturing fengfu (DU16), located above the first cervicle vertebra and below the external occipital protuberance. If the antipathogenic qi is weak, one should use the tonification method. If the pathogen is of an excess nature, one should sedate. After a more severe exposures to wind, one will manifest severe neck pain and stiffness. Acupuncture fengfu (DU16) again. If the patient is exposed to a big wind and experiences sweating, the physician should moxa yixi (B45), which is located at the level of the sixth thoracic vertebra, three cun (inch) laterally. Palpate the point to elicit an "yixi" (painful exclamation) expression from the patient.
62. 調經論人有精、氣、津、液、四肢、九竅、五臟、十六部、三百六十五節， 乃生百病；百病之生，皆有虛實。皆生於五臟也。夫心臟神，肺臟氣，肝臟血，脾臟肉， 腎臟志。而此成形，志意通，內連骨髓，而成身形五臟。五臟之道， 皆出於經隧，以行血氣；血氣不和，百病乃變化而生，是故守經隧焉。(Huangdi neijing 62)
Regulation of the channelsIn the human being there are jing (essence), qi (energy), jin ye (body fluids), four extremities, nine orifices, five zang organs, sixteen channels, and three hundred and sixty-five joints. All are capable of becoming disordered and diseased. In each disorder there are distinctions of deficiency and excess... The five types of excess and deficiency are borne from the five zang organs. For example, the heart houses the shen (spirit); the lungs house the qi, the liver accomodates the blood, the spleen houses the form and flesh, and the kidneys house the zhi (will). They must all function together as the zhi and the shen are functioning in concert psychically, connecting with the bones and marrow withing and forming the shape of the body without. This creates an entire functional being and is the makeup of the human body. Within the five zang, communication occurs via pathways or channels, which transport the qi and blood. When the qi and blood are not regulated, illness occurs. Diagnosis and treatment are thus dependent on the channels and pathways.
History of /Traditional Chinese Medicine/Huangdi Neijing/Su Wen
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